Dictionaries & Language

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ Dictionaries & Language / Dictionaries and Language (Chestnut CD-ROM) (1993).iso / chinese / kapian11 / kapian.doc < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1992-05-22 | 184.5 KB | 5,204 lines

U S E R S M A N U A L F O R ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌┐ ┌───────┐ ┌┐ ┌───────┐ ┌┐ ┌──────┐ ┌┐ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ └┘ └───────┘ └┘ └───────┘ └┘ └──────┘ └┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─── │ │ │ │ ───┼────── ├──┴── │ │ │ \ ├──┐ │ │ │ \ │ │ │ │ │ \ │ │ │ │ │ / │ │ K A P I A N : Chinese Flash Cards S H A R E W A R E V E R S I O N By Phil Mosier KAPIAN is copyright (C) 1989 , 1990 Phil Mosier 2728 Bridgeford Drive Sacramento, CA 95833 Kapian is Shareware. Users are granted a limited license to copy Kapian only for the trial use of others; subject to the following conditions. Non- registered users are granted a limited license to use Kapian on a trial basis for the purpose of determining whether Kapian is suitable for their needs. Use of Kapian except for this limited purpose requires registration. Use of non-registered copies of Kapian by any person, business, corporation, governmental agency or other entity institution is strictly forbidden. No user may modify Kapian in any way, including but not limited to decompiling, disassembling or otherwise reverse engineering the program. Kapian must be copied in unmodified form, complete with the file containing this license information. The full Kapian documentation must be included with the copy. No fee, charge or other compensation may be accepted or requested by any licensee. Kapian may not be distributed in conjunction with any other product. Operators of electronic bulletin board systems (Sysops) may post Kapian for down loading by their users. Distributors of public domain or user supported software may distribute copies of Kapian after obtaining written permission. Such permission is usually granted. Those who find this disk helpful in their study will want to purchase the licensed disks. See last page for order form. Member: _______________┌─────────┐________________________ ┌──────┴──┐ │ │ │ O │ Association of │ ┌────┴─╨──┐ │ │ │ ├─┘ Shareware └────┤ O │ │ ║ │ Professionals ------------└────╨────┘--------------------------- (R) Registered For support call (916)927-2602 or write: Selfhelp Software 2728 Bridgeford Drive Sacramento CA 95833 TABLE OF CONTENTS **************************************************** **************************************************** Introduction . . . . . . . . 6 Getting Started . . . . . . . 9 Files that are required Special Files Part 1: KAPIAN KAPIAN: Introduction . . . . . . 13 Running KAPIAN Main Menu Program Information KAPIAN: Change Test Defaults . . . . . 15 Given vs Select Form of Character KAPIAN: Change Display Defaults . . . . 18 Color Line Sound Timing KAPIAN: Change Vocabulary Set . . . . . 22 KAPIAN: Study . . . . . . . . 26 Program Information KAPIAN: Begin Test . . . . . . . 28 Given vs Select Romanization Form of Character Part 2: HANZI HANZI: Introduction . . . . . . . 32 Program Information 4 HANZI: Change Defaults . . . . . . 34 Color Line width Sound Timing HANZI: List the file. . . . . . . 38 HANZI: Add a Character . . . . . . 40 HANZI: Save the character. . . . . . 49 HANZI: Retrieve a character . . . . . 52 HANZI: Modify character . . . . . . 54 HANZI: Practice set . . . . . . 55 Part 3: Gongke GONGKE: Introduction. . . . . . . 61 Program Information GONGKE: Change defaults . . . . . . 64 Color Line width Sound Timing GONGKE: Add a screen . . . . . . 70 GONGKE: Save current screen . . . . . 77 GONGKE: Retrieve a screen . . . . . 78 GONGKE: Modify current screen. . . . . 80 GONGKE: Practice . . . . . . . 81 Glossary . . . . . . . . . 87 Order Form . . . . . . . . 90 5 Introduction ****************************************************** ****************************************************** Kapian means "cards" or "flash cards" in Chinese. The use of flash cards has long been considered an important part of studying European languages. A word from one language is put on one side of the card and the translation of that word in a different language is put on the other side. This is repeated for all the vocabulary you want to study. The deck of cards is then shuffled and the student looks at one side and tries to remember the other word. But the student of Chinese has been faced with a more complicated problem. Here you need to study 1) the Chinese character (either Long or Short Form), 2) the romanized sound, in the particular dialect you want to learn (Mandarin for instance, romanized perhaps in Pinyin), and 3) the English meaning. You needed either a three-sided card or three decks of cards at the very least; various types of romanization also added to the problem. Now there is an answer. You can use the computer program KAPIAN: Chinese Flash Cards to study this age old language. Let the computer shuffle the "Cards" and show them to you. Kapian provides easy to follow menus, offers a great assortment of study methods, and presents an attractive appearance on the screen. This manual is designed for the beginning users of a computer. You will be walked through the steps one by one. If you do not understand any terms, there is a GLOSSARY in the back. All three programs are described in great detail. You can use KAPIAN to study the vocabulary that is currently available, or enlarge the number of character with HANZI. You could also enlarge the number of English terms by just finding more combinations that are not now in the lesson files, or make up a new lesson file with additional methods of romanization that you want to learn for these same characters with GONGKE. Every need of the student has been taken into consideration. 6 If you must study in a quiet place, you can even turn OFF the sounds of the title theme, warning and mistake-beeps. Kapian is designed for the person who wants to study Chinese but who may know very little about computers. With KAPIAN the student is not limited to either Long or Short Form Chinese characters. This is important for traveler or anyone interested in a broad understanding of Chinese. The Long Form characters are still used in Taiwan and in Hong Kong. The Short Form has been adopted in the Peoples Republic of China. You can easily and quickly choose any one of ten testing displays: Given long form characters, you select romanization Given short form characters, you select romanization Given long form characters, you select English Given short form characters, you select English Given English meaning, you select romanization Given English meaning, you select long form characters Given English meaning, you select short form characters Given romanization, you select English Given romanization, you select long form characters Given romanization, you select short form characters HANZI is the program that adds to the files of Chinese characters, or it could be used to modify those that are already in the files. With GONGKE you can make lesson files in different romanizations. You could add files with Yale, Wade Giles, or Cantonese romanizations. All the programs also draw the characters on the screen one stroke at a time, in correct stroke order. You adjust the speed at which it writes these strokes. If you want to watch and learn as the strokes are slowly drawn, set the speed to SLOW or NORMAL. If you want to quickly look at the characters for review or during a self test, set the speed for FAST or NO DELAY. KAPIAN does require an IBM computer or compatible, and it must have a CGA graphics card (or, of course, you could run a utility like SIMCGA and against a Hercules Graphics card to simulate an IBM CGA environment). If you have a color monitor, the colors can be changed when you like. On a black and white monitor you will only be changing the shades of grey. Finally even the thickness of the lines on the screen can be changed. All of this means that KAPIAN is not only versatile, easy to use, but it offers an attractive display that you can customize to your preference and mood. 7 Try studying Chinese this new modern way. And feel free to pass this disk on to other students and teachers of Chinese. 8 Getting Started ************************************************* ************************************************* In order to use these program there are some system requirements. This program runs on an IBM Personal Computer or compatible. It requires a CGA graphics card. You must have all the required files on the current drive and directory. The first step is always to make a backup copy of the disk for protection from all those unspeakable things that threaten computer data on floppies. Put your original in drive A: and a blank formatted floppy in drive B: COPY A:\*.* B:\*.* Then put your original in a safe place (I like to put a write protect tap on my originals) and begin to use the copy. For use of KAPIAN on a dual floppy system; put the work copy in drive A:. You can put the files you need on that floppy to run KAPIAN. 1) KAPIAN.EXE; 2) a lesson file; 3) either LONG.FRM or SHORT.FRM; and 4) the parameter file BIAN.SHU. If you have a hard drive and you want to run KAPIAN from there you can copy these files to any sub- directory on that drive. For hard drive users, first change drives: C: Then make a sub-directory, perhaps named Kapian: MD KAPIAN Then copy the files to that sub-directory, in this case Kapian: COPY A:*.* C:\KAPIAN\*.* 9 Then change directories: CD KAPIAN In either case you should find all these files when you do a directory inquiry command: DIR ********************* Required files ********************* KAPIAN.EXE -- Is the executable program that allows you to study and practice either: the Chinese characters, the English meaning, or the romanized sounds of the Chinese vocabulary, in various combinations. It also provides a variety of display choices and Long Form or Short Form Chinese characters. You will need at least one Lesson File. The lesson file names reveal a lot of information about the vocabulary in the file once you know the code. The first file you probably will use will be: FOREIA01.PIN. Like the other lesson files FOREIA01.PIN is a name with special meaning: The first five letters are the first five letters of the author's name (In this case this is FOREI for FOREIgn Languages Press of Beijing, China). The next letter in the file name identifies the text book series (In this package it is A for Elementary Chinese Readers). The next part of each file's name are two digits that tell you the set of vocabulary covered (01 to 05 for the first volume in this text book series). And finally the three letter extension tells you the romanization method used in that file (.PIN for Pinyin). Pinyin is the romanization that is used in Elementary Chinese Readers. As a licensee you will get yearly notices of the current list of files you can purchase that is each year there will hopefully be a bigger version of LONG.FRM, SHORT.FRM and more lesson files. The Following Lesson Files are included in the package with version 1.1: FOREIA01.PIN FOREIA02.PIN FOREIA03.PIN FOREIA04.PIN FOREIA05.PIN MOSIEF01.PIN MOSIEF02.PIN MOSIEF03.PIN MOSIEF01.WAD MOSIEF02.WAD MOSIEF03.WAD 10 MOSIEF01.YAL MOSIEF02.YAL MOSIEF03.YAL MOSIEF01.CAT MOSIEF02.CAT MOSIEF03.CAT LONG.FRM -- This is a data base of Chinese characters in Long Form; it is made and added to by the program HANZI. All the characters you need for the lesson files must be included in this file. As a licensee you will be told about bigger versions of LONG.FRM as they become available. SHORT.FRM -- This is a data base of Chinese characters in Short Form. It also is made and added to by the program HANZI. All the characters you need for the lesson files also must be here, but about a third are different in appearance. Again as a licensee you will be informed of bigger versions of SHORT.FRM as they become available. BIAN.SHU -- Bianshu means variable, and this file remembers the values of the various display settings you chose the last time you used KAPIAN, HANZI or GONGKE. ********************** Special Files ********************** HANZI.EXE -- This is an executable program that makes, modifies, and enlarges the Chinese files: LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM. After you create a character you can save it either to the LONG.FRM file, the SHORT.FRM file, or both. You must give it a number that will be used to find it again. You may, if you want, give it a romanized sound, this is optional, and it may be any method of romanization with which you feel most comfortable. The characters in LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM provided with the package are romanized in Pinyin. GONGKE.EXE -- The GONGKE or lessons are made by this program. It build screens that you can use to test yourself or others. It accepts romanization of Chinese sounds either upper case or lower or a mix. It will allow the tone marks, or the tone numbers. It assumes that all the characters you will use in this new lesson practice are made. If they are not you should make them first. The Chinese characters are accessed by numbers, numbers given them when they are made by using the program HANZI.EXE. 11 Part 1: KAPIAN 12 KAPIAN: Introduction ********************************************* ********************************************* The rest of this manual is in the form of a tutorial. There will be step by step instructions to guide you through, using KAPIAN, then making characters with HANZI, and finally making lessons with GONGKE. At the end of each part you will have a chance to practice what you have learned. Any technical details that you need to know will be covered during the tutorial. ************************** Running KAPIAN ************************** The first time you run KAPIAN the sound will be set on, so a theme song will play, if you are in a place where this will disturb others you may want to make sure you start with the sound off. There is a special silent parameter file included QUIET.ONE. For silent running the first time off: DEL BIAN.SHU COPY QUIET.ONE BIAN.SHU Now you are ready to run the program: KAPIAN When you type and enter this, the program title will appear on the screen. If you have set SOUND ON the last time you ran the program, the theme song will start to play. When this is done, you press any key; and the character and lesson files are loaded into memory. This will take about 30 to 40 seconds. ****************** Main Menu ****************** Then a menu appears. 13 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌─────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────┐ │ │ ├───┐ │ │ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌───┤ │ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ │ └─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ P Program Information │ │ │ │ T Change Test Defaults │ │ │ │ D Change Display Defaults │ │ │ │ V Change Vocabulary Set │ │ │ │ S Begin Test │ │ │ │ Q Quit │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ At the top of the Menu is a selection called "Program Information." You may as well start at the top. ************************ Program Information ************************ Like most activity in KAPIAN this also runs in what is called "HOT KEY" mode. That is, you only need to touch the key to make your selection. You do not need to hit the <enter> key: P Now you should have a screen that tells you some basic information about the program. You return to the MAIN MENU by pressing any key. You Quit the MAIN MENU (which is to say KAPIAN) with Q 14 KAPIAN: Changing Test Defaults ****************************************************** ****************************************************** KAPIAN offers a variety of methods and manners of self testing and a simple method of choosing between them. The next area you will want to use is that marked "Change Test Defaults" in the MAIN MENU. In order to bring up the CHANGE TEST DEFAULTS SCREEN press: T This menu will then appear in the upper half of the screen: ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ G Given vs Select : │ │ GIVEN CHINESE CHARACTERS │ │ SELECT ENGLISH MEANING │ │ │ │ F Form of character: SHORT FORM │ │ │ │ Q Quit │ │ │ │ ─────────────────────────────────────── │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ You may be happy with this set of current selections and just leave this menu by selecting "Quit" as you can through most of the screens in this series of programs: Q 15 You will be returned to the MAIN MENU SCREEN. *********************** Given vs Select *********************** If you want to change to a new manner of testing on the same vocabulary here is where you can select between 6 possible types. If you want to change the current practice display, you select "Given vs Select": G ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ G Given vs Select : │ │ GIVEN CHINESE CHARACTERS │ │ SELECT ENGLISH MEANING │ │ │ │ F Form of character: SHORT FORM │ │ │ │ Q Quit │ │ │ │ ────────────────────────────────── │ │ │ │ Do you want: │ │ │ │ 1 CHARACTERS, SELECT ROMANIZATION │ │ 2 CHARACTERS, SELECT ENGLISH │ │ 3 ENGLISH, SELECT ROMANIZATION │ │ 4 ENGLISH, SELECT CHARACTERS │ │ 5 ROMANIZATION, SELECT ENGLISH │ │ 6 ROMANIZATION, SELECT CHARACTERS │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ The six possible screen arrangements for practice will be shown at the bottom of the screen and numbered 1 to 6. You will have to select one of these. If you want the same choice as the current selection or if you want a new one, just press the number beside your choice. The bottom half of the screen will clear, and the CHANGE TEST DEFAULT SCREEN will be changed to reflect your choice. 16 ************************* Form of Character ************************* When you want to change to the other "Form of Character", here is also where you have that choice. If you want to change the current form and study the other form of Chinese characters chose, "Form of Character": F The two possible character forms will be listed at the bottom of the screen, and you must select either: ---------------------------------- On which form of Chinese characters do you want to be tested? 1 SHORT FORM 2 LONG FORM ---------------------------------- Once you have done this, it will take another 30 to 40 seconds for the new character file to be loaded; then the CHANGE TEST DEFAULT SCREEN will be changed to reflect your choice, and the bottom of the screen will be blank again. When you are done here, return to the MAIN MENU by typing: Q 17 KAPIAN: Change Display Defaults ***************************************************** ***************************************************** Next you may want to use the "Change display defaults." So select: D The CHANGE DISPLAY DEFAULTS SCREEN will appear: ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ C Color WHITE LETTERS ON BLUE │ │ L Line NARROW │ │ S Sound OFF │ │ T Timing NORMAL │ │ │ │ Q Quit │ │ ───────────────────────────────────────── │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ *********** Color *********** For those of you who are lucky enough to have a color monitor on your computer, here is your chance to get to get some good out of it. Any time you get bored with the current color of your screen, you can come to this screen and easily change it: 18 C The different color combinations that are available will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. You must choose one: ------------------------- Do you want: 1 WHITE ON RED 2 WHITE ON BLUE 3 GOLD ON RED 4 GOLD ON BLUE 5 GOLD ON BLACK ------------------------- Once you have made your choice, the bottom will go blank, and the choice will be seen, this time both in the new display and the new colors. If you have a black and white screen it will show new shades of grey. ****************** Line width ****************** You also have the chance here to see the characters take on a slightly different look by changing the width of the lines the computer uses to draw them: L These choices will show up when you press L: ------------------------- 1 WIDE LINES 2 NARROW LINES ------------------------- The choice again is yours. Once you make it, you will be returned to the CHANGE DISPLAY DEFAULTS screen; and this time you will see the new look you have selected. ************* Sound ************* Even though the introductory title song is pretty and the sounds that can come from this program can be helpful in determining your progress with Chinese, there are times when you don't want any noise. So you can make that change: 19 S And you will be asked: ------------------------- Do you want the sound: 1 ON ------------------------- The opening theme, error warnings, and mistake alarms can be turned OFF or ON here. If you select OFF, you will only have the error screens to warn you of your wrong answers or wrong key strokes. But you can always come back here and turn the sound ON again when you feel it won't disturb anyone. ************* Timing ************* Changing the timing is another one of the controls that can be customized to fit into any study schedule. The speed that the characters can be drawn on the screen greatly affects the speed of your study and practice; but it also allows you to study an important part of the language, stroke order. If you make an effort to understand stroke order, you may someday understand some Chinese script, running hand : T The choices as usual are displayed at the bottom: ------------------------- How long should the computer take to draw a character 1 SLOW SPEED 2 NORMAL SPEED 3 FAST SPEED 4 NO DELAY ------------------------- You may find, for instance, that you will want to watch the character get drawn slowly while you study, or when the character is the given form, in the test. Then you may want to come here and change to FAST or NO DELAY when you are given an English meaning and are selecting from the four Chinese character combinations at the bottom of the screen. This, like the other defaults, can be switched back and forth whenever you like. 20 As before: Q QUITS this menu and returns you to the MAIN MENU. 21 KAPIAN: Change Vocabulary Set **************************************************** **************************************************** Once you have mastered one level of your Chinese studies you will want to go on and begin on a new set of vocabulary. At that time select "Change Vocabulary Set" from the MAIN MENU: V It is here,at the CHANGE VOCABULARY SET SCREEN, that you select a new lesson file to study. You do this by selecting a new file name. The first lesson file, the one that comes initially with the first run of Kapian is FOREIA01.PIN. Kapian loaded it because it was initially named in the parameter file BIAN.SHU. You can now change that. If you make some lessons of your own you can load them here. If you select: N ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┐ │ │ │ ┌──┬──┐ │ ┌──┬──┐ │ ┌──┬──┐ │ ┌──┬──┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──┘ │ └──┴──┘ │ └──┴──┘ │ └──┴──┘ │ └──┤ │ │ └─────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴─────┘ │ │ │ │ The Vocabulary from file: │ │ FOREIA01.PIN │ │ is now loaded into KAPIAN │ │ do you want to change that? │ │ Yes or No ( Y/ N) ? │ │ ───────────────────────────────────────────── │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 22 you are returned to the MAIN MENU. If you select: Y A description of the input needed will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. You need to type the file name of the lesson file you want to practice. The file you study must be in the current drive/directory. This could be one of the 17 lesson files that come with the package or one that you have made. The new bottom part of the screen will look like this: ------------------------- 1..5 First 5 letters of the file = first 5 letters of author's name FOREI = Foreign Languages Press. 6 What textbook series A..Z 7..8 What lesson number 01..99 9 What romanization method; P=PIN, W=WAD, Y= YAL, C=CAT 12345678.9 _ ------------------------- You could back out at this point with a backspace. The package comes with 5 files that match the first volume of a text book series by Beijing's Foreign Languages Press so to load another file in that series of files you will type in: FOREI to signify the author; Next you will type in: A That stands for Elementary Chinese Readers, a series of 4 volumes. You can also purchase tapes to accompany these textbooks. This is the textbook series purchase the books and tapes from. China Books and Periodicals 2929 Twenty-fourth Street San Francisco, CA 94110 Ph (415) 282-2994 23 Of course this same basic vocabulary is common to many beginning level Chinese text books. As Foreign Languages Press offers other text books, as do many other authors. the letters A..Z are all acceptable here. Additional files using some of these letters may become available later. Next you will enter the file number; it must be two digits: 02 for instance. This will give the second lesson file in the series of 5 files for the first volume of Elementary Chinese Readers. The first Volume of Elementary Chinese Readers has 26 lessons; they have been put on 5 files. Each file contains about fifty English meanings, so here will be a 250 word vocabulary. The Chinese translation of these English words requires about 270 Chinese characters. Then you will have to select the romanization method you want to study. Even though this textbook uses Pinyin some files could be made up to cover the same vocabulary in a different romanization; Yale, Wade Giles, or Cantonese. So you need to respond to the question for position 9: What romanization method; P=PIN, W=WAD, Y=YAL, C=CAT The text is romanized in Pinyin, so type: P this will start the process of 1) changing the parameter file, 2) loading a new Gongke file into memory, and 3)loading its accompanying characters. With this last selection you will have completed the coded name for the new lesson file, FOREIA02.PIN. This may take about half a minute. When it is done, you will have that new name displayed at the top of the screen where the old file name was before. You have also gotten the additional lesson files by me, Phil Mosier, at the time of the release I noticed that individual characters were often not defined in the text. So I made up files that provide practice on these individual characters and their sounds and meanings they are called 24 MOSIEF01.PIN MOSIE For the first five letters of my name. F Indicates that they are about FOREIGN LANGUAGE PRESS books. 01 These numbers are 01 through 03. P Would be selected to get file extension PIN and the romanization is Pinyin. These three files are also available in Wade Giles, Yale and Cantonese romanizations. These files offer a chance to study the characters that were presented in some combinations but were not studied individually by the Elementary Chinese Readers. You can easily make your own additional new files with the program GONGKE. GONGKE will 1) extend the vocabulary of English meanings, 2) rearrange the vocabulary to match other text books, or 3) produce files with other romanization methods. You can add to both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM character files with the program HANZI.EXE. HANZI is discussed latter in this manual. Work is in progress to add files. There is a yearly newsletter that will report new lesson files like these that will be added. Licensed users will be informed when new larger vocabulary sets are ready. You may form work groups to add more data to these files and make new files. That is you may want to form KAPAIN Users Groups. Much more could be done as a group and more learning would take place in the process. You now go back to the MAIN MENU with: N that is a "No" answer to the question: "Do you want to change that?" 25 KAPIAN: Study ******************************************** ******************************************** KAPIAN offers a easy way to study the current vocabulary. Type the letter: S for "Study." you do not need to enter it. ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌──────┐ ┌─────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─┼─────────────────────────────────┼─┐ │ │ │ └────┼─┘ └─┼───┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └───┴───┘ │ │ │ │ _ │ │ │ │ shan │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ mountain, hill │ │ │ ┌────┼─┐ ┌─┼───┐ │ │ │ └─┼─────────────────────────────────┼─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └──────┘ Next Quit └─────┘ │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ This is the STUDY SCREEN Display will appear showing the first Chinese character in the current lesson, it's romanized sound, and it's meaning. The Chinese character will be drawn on the screen either : 1) SLOW ,2) with NORMAL DELAY between strokes, 3) FAST, or 4) with NO DELAY (depending on the default you used the last time you ran the program). 26 You can choose either to continue viewing this series of screens by selecting Next: N and the next meaning will appear, or you can QUIT at any time by selecting: Q You will be returned to the MAIN MENU SCREEN at the end of the series of STUDY SCREENS or when you select "Q". 27 Begin the Self Test *********************************************** *********************************************** It is hard to tell you what you will see when you begin to test your knowledge of Chinese, because in a real sense you have designed the test to suit what you want to study at this time and the way you want to study it. ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ┌─────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────┐ │ │ ├───┐ │ │ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌───┤ │ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ │ └─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ _ │ │ shan │ │ │ │ ┌─────┐ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1) └─────┘ 2) └──┴──┘ │ │ ┌───┐ │ │ ├───┤ │ │ └─┬─┘ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ 3) ─┼─ 4) └─┘ └──┤ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ select correct answer or Quit │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Here is Pinyin romanization and you select the Chinese characters. You BEGIN TEST by typing: B After that you may be looking at the Chinese character and selecting the Pinyin romanization of its sound, or you could be looking at the romanization of the sound and selecting its English meaning. The Chinese 28 Characters could be in Long or Short Form, but there are some things I can warn you about. The screens you have selected will appear in a different order each time you go through the test. The choices at the bottom of the screen will also be changed. You will either choose the number of the correct answer 1 to 4 or Q for QUIT. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┐ │ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └───┴────┘ │ │ │ │ 1) to call, to be called │ │ │ │ 2) mountain, hill │ │ │ │ 3) to return │ │ │ │ 4) early │ │ │ │ select correct answer, or Quit │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ This is an example of being given Chinese characters and selecting the English. If you have selected sound ON, there are two sounds that may occur at this time. If you hit a key that is not a valid choice -- say a letter like "T" -- you will hear an error warning sound; and an error screen will appear, then the screen you were looking at will return. If you choose the wrong number, a different mistake alarm will sound, and a different error screen will appear -- then the next BEGIN TEST SCREEN will show up. If you make a mistake, the word will also be added to those that will be listed for your review at the end of the test. If you have selected sound OFF, no sounds will be made by the system during the running of this program -- nor the next runs -- until you set it on again. Only the error screens will be seen when you make a mistake. So you will know if you make a mistake even when you are running silently. You can end the drill either by finishing the set of vocabulary or QUIT at any time: Q 29 If you made no mistakes, the screen will say so; or the words you need to study will be displayed one at a time, just as they looked when you saw them in STUDY SCREENS. Again you will go through them with N for NEXT; or, if you don't want to see them any more this day, you can QUIT this also with a : Q Then you will be returned to the MAIN MENU. You will probably want to use the full range of test conditions that are available from this program. Given Long form characters, select romanization Given Short form characters, select romanization Given Long form characters, select English Given Short form characters, select English Given English meaning, select Romanization Given English meaning, select Long form characters Given English meaning, select Short form characters Given romanization, select English Given romanization, select Long form characters Given romanization, select Short form characters Here you have 10 different tests for the same lesson file. So you can keep busy practicing for quite a while before you need to go on to new vocabulary. Happy studying! 30 Part 2: HANZI 31 HANZI: Introduction *************************************************** *************************************************** When it is time to learn about making new characters, and you have a couple hours to work at it you can do this exercise. First you may want to read through these instructions for the program HANZI. This program adds characters to either the file LONG.FRM, SHORT.FRM or BOTH at the same time. In order to do this you will have to have those files on the same drive/directory combination as HANZI.EXE and BIAN.SHU. So if you are using a dual floppy disk system, copy them to the same floppy where HANZI is: COPY HANZI.EXE B: COPY LONG.FRM B: or COPY SHORT.FRM B: COPY BIAN.SHU B: or if you are using a hard drive they should already be together on the same drive/directory. I hope you have already make a backup of all these files, if not, this is a good time to do so. You may want to print up a few copies of the file CHARACTR.TXT. This form will be helpful as you plan the characters you want to add. You can just use the DOS copy command. Most dot matrix printers will print this file if you have set your printer to graphics on: COPY CHARACTR.TXT PRN your favorite word processor will probably provide the capability to print multiple copies. Before starting Hanzi I would turn the graphics on by entering: GRAPHICS at the DOS prompt. And if your printer does not have the switch for graphics turned on, be it hardware or a software switch, this may be a good time to do that, 32 also. Then you can make screen prints, as well as have the file on disk, and your handwritten copy. You start the program by typing: HANZI The TITLE SCREEN will come up and ask you to press any key. Then you will see the menu, and again it will offer letters that stand for the selections. The PROGRAM INFORMATION SCREEN can be selected by pressing: P You return to this screen by pressing any key. ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ P Program information │ │ │ │ C Change defaults │ │ │ │ L List the files │ │ │ │ A Add a character │ │ │ │ S Save the character │ │ │ │ R Retrieve a character │ │ │ │ M Modify character │ │ │ │ Q Quit │ │ │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ By selecting "Change defaults" you can again make changes that will allow you to tailor the display to your liking. 33 HANZI: Change defaults ************************************************** ************************************************** ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ C Color GOLD LETTERS ON BLACK │ │ L Line NARROW │ │ S Sound ON │ │ T Timing NORMAL │ │ F File LONG.FRM │ │ Current drive and directory │ │ │ │ Q Quit? │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ************ Color ************ For those of you with a color monitor on your computer, you can select the colors you like. Any time you get bored with the current color of your screen, you can come to this screen and easily change it: C The different color combinations that are available will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. You must choose one: 34 ------------------------- Do you want: 1 WHITE ON RED 2 WHITE ON BLUE 3 GOLD ON RED 4 GOLD ON BLUE 5 GOLD ON BLACK ------------------------- Again, once you have made your choice, the bottom will go blank, and the choice will be seen. If you have a black and white screen, it will show new shades of grey. ***************** Line width ***************** You also can see the characters take on a slightly different look by changing the width of the lines: L These choices will show up when you press L: -------------------------- 1 WIDE LINES 2 NARROW LINES -------------------------- The choice is yours Once you make it, you will be returned to the CHANGE DISPLAY DEFAULTS SCREEN; and this time you will see the new look you have selected. ************* Sound ************* To turn the sound ON or OFF: S And you will be asked: --------------------------------- Do you want the sound: 1 ON 2 OFF ----------------------------------- 35 The error warnings can be turned OFF or ON here. If you select OFF, you will only have the error screens to warn you of your wrong key strokes. It is recommended you set the sound on for this character development exercise. ************** Timing ************** You need to see how your strokes are working so set this to NORMAL or SLOW: T The choices, as usual, are displayed in the bottom of the screen: ----------------------------------- How long should the computer take to draw a character? 1 SLOW SPEED 2 NORMAL SPEED 3 FAST SPEED 4 NO DELAY ---------------------------------- This, like the other defaults, can be switched back and forth whenever you like. Some of the characters will be Long Form others will be Short Form, most characters will be both. You must select which file you want them to be stored in: F will bring up the display that will let you choose: ----------------------------------- To which file are these characters going to be added? 1. SHORT.FRM 2. LONG.FRM 3. BOTH SHORT.FRM AND LONG.FRM ------------------------------------- You must choose which of these you want. Your selection will then be written to the parameter file BIAN.SHU. 36 Any of these choices that you changed on another of the companion programs, KAPIAN, or GONGKE will still be the default when you start this program. Any changes you make here will be used by the next program in this series that you run. As before: Q QUITS this menu and returns you to the MAIN MENU. 37 HANZI: List the File **************************************************** **************************************************** By choosing to "List the file" you can get a quick look at the file. Each record will be displayed. The records are sorted by character number. Their numbers are the same as those given by the New Practical Chinese Dictionary, published by the Far East Book Company, Limited. There are 7331 characters in this book but they are in Long Form. This means: 1) you will have to know the long form to find the number; and 2) you will need to have access to a copy of this dictionary -- if you want to continue the system that has been started. ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─── │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ────────┴─────── │ │ \ │ │ SHANG │ │ │ │ Character number 6 │ │ │ │ Record number 4 │ │ │ │ Back Next Quit │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ The current default file will determine the form of the character that will be displayed. You must have chosen either SHORT.FRM or LONG.FRM. Here is one place where you can not use both files at the same time. As you can see, in each screen you have three choices at the bottom of the screen: Back Next Quit 38 You can make any of these selections by pressing the first letter of each choice. B "Back" will take you to the previous character on the current file that you have selected. N "Next" will take you to the next LIST THE FILE SCREEN, so the next character. Q "Quit" will take you back to the MAIN MENU. 39 HANZI: Add a Character ************************************************** ************************************************** When you select the "Add a character" option you see this screen: ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 │ │ │ 1 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ │ 2 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ ────────┘ 3 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 0 50 4 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 5 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 6 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 7 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 8 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ Number 9 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 11 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 12 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ Tone 13 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 5 14 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 15 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 16 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ Place 19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 0 │ │ Quit Number PinYin Index │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ First you must select a number for this character to be saved as: N 40 Will bring up a screen that will ask for a four digit number P Will bring up a screen that will ask for a name of the character, this is optional but it will be helpful to record the character more completely. The standard is using Pinyin and including the tone and place of the tone. Hanzi records characters as a series of lines so you must define those lines by answering four questions: 1) Which of the 1 through 40 possible lines you are talking about? 2) Do you want a pause at the end of this line? You can answer either 0 or 1. If -- 0 -- this line is a separate line or the last part of a stroke; or -- 1 -- this line is a part of a longer line. 3) Where are the beginning and ending positions of this line? This question's answer must be broken up into four numbers. The left to right number for the beginning of this line, ( it's x1 number ); the up to down number for the beginning of this line (it's y1 number); the left to right number for the ending of this line ( it's x2 number); the up to down number for the ending of this line (it's y2). Here is when you must begin some careful planning. The first step, in finding this set of numbers that will describe a character, is to draw the character on a grid like that shown in the form you have printed out earlier. So you will need some copies of the Character Form on the next page. Probably you will want to print them by using one of the files: CHARACTR.TXT. You can just use the DOS copy command. Most dot matrix printers will print this file if you have set your printer to graphics on: COPY CHARACTR.TXT PRN your favorite word processor will probably provide the capability to print multiple copies. After you have drawn the character you will find it helpful to go back and make a large dot at some points along any curved line in the character. These dots will break the curved line up into a series of straight lines that can then be plotted into the array 41 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 0 ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐ 0 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 4 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 4 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 8 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 8 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 12 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 12 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 16 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 16 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 20 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 20 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 24 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 24 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 28 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 28 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 32 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 32 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 36 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 36 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 40 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 40 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 44 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 44 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 48 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 48 └─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘ 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 50 Character Number _______ Long/ Short Form __ Tone - 1 __ None 5 __ Character Sound __________ / 2 __ .v. 6 __ V 3 __ .. 7 __ Place Number of Tone _____ \ 4 __ st x1 y1 x2 y2 st x1 y1 x2 y2 1 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 21 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 2 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 22 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 3 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 23 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 4 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 24 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 5 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 25 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 6 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 26 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 7 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 27 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 8 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 28 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 9 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 29 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 10 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 30 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 11 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 31 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 12 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 32 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 13 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 33 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 14 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 34 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 15 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 35 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 16 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 36 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 17 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 37 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 18 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 38 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 19 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 39 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 20 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 40 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ provided to record the character. It is hard to say how many of these lines will be needed to render the curved line correctly. The number that you will use to record the up/down or left/right positions can be from 1 to 49. It has been found that you can draw almost all of these characters with only even numbers, that is 2, 4, 6, 8, ... , 46,48. This means that really you may plan on using the intersections of the grids on the Character Form as they are drawn. You can not use 0 or 50. The practice section will provide the numbers to record 8 new characters if you want to try them: 1 PIAN 3301 1 GONG 418 2 BIAN 5695 ( long and short form ) 2 SHU 2143 ( long and short form ) 2 NAO 4704 ( long and short form ) This tutorial will also walk you through the creation of KA character number 491. Latter, using Gongke, these and other characters, already on the file, will be used to make a new lesson file of 11 additional English words: KA hold, keep back PIAN slice, piece BIAN to change, accident SHU number, to count BIANSHU parameter, variable NAO brain DIANNAO computer GONGKE school work, lessons KAPIAN cards, flash cards GONG merit, skill KE lesson, class Now let us assume you have: 1) drawn the character, and transferred the numbers for its lines to the table below the grid 2) found that it has only one form and its number in the dictionary is 491 3) found it's Pinyin romanization is KA, third tone, over the second letter. That is, you have filled out the form for this character. Now it is time to begin to create. For this practice you may want to transfer these values for KA to the forms you have readied, or just 43 enter them into the program. I recommend you fill out the form. I also recommend that you make sure you have another method to save a hard copy other than the handwritten form you worked on. Before starting Hanzi I would turn the graphics on by entering: GRAPHICS at the DOS prompt. And if your printer does not have the switch for graphics turned on, be it hardware or a software switch, this may be a good time to do that, also. Then you can make screen prints, as well as have the file on disk and your handwritten copy. Now select Number, it is time to begin making your first character on the computer. Enter: N The screen will come up saying: --------------------------------- The number of this character as numbered by NEW PRACTICAL CHINESE-DICTIONARY, by the Far East Book Co. Ltd. Is this okay (Y/N)? --------------------------------- here you are able to put in up to four digits, representing the number that will be used to retrieve that character latter. Any number that has not been used will do, but for the sake or consistency it would be worth making the effort to find the number that will place this character in this series. The program stores a four place number but you could enter either: 491 (and hit the enter key) or 491 (and hit the space bar) or 0491 You can use whatever style suits you. The file will have the value of "0491" if you do any one of these. 44 Next the program will ask: is this okay (Y/N) If you mistyped you can answer No: N and retype the number, or backspace. If you typed the number correctly you can enter: Y and the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN will reappear, this time with the number you have typed in. Soon your ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN will look like this. ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 │ │ ├─ │ 1 0 16 10 30 10 21 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ ──┼─── │ 2 0 16 2 16 48 22 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ │\ │ 3 0 4 18 38 18 23 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ │ \ │ 4 0 18 20 32 40 24 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ ────────┘ 5 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 0 50 6 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 7 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ v 8 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ KA 9 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 10 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ Number 11 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 491 12 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 13 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 14 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ Tone 15 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 3 16 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ Place 19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 │ │ 2 │ │ Quit Number PinYin Index │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Next you could enter: P Then a screen will appear that will give you a chance to record the Pinyin romanization. This is optional, it is only for documentation. You will find it is helpful to have this information on the screen and the screen prints. You may want to put in another romanization, or leave this blank. The other programs that use this character will never know. 45 ------------------------------------ Enter next letter or end with space TONE of this CHAR 1= - 2= / 3= v 4= \ 5= 6= .v. 7= .. This tone is above character # ? Is this correct (Y/N) ? ---------------------------------- If you want out of this screen you can 1) backspace <- to go back to the display screen or 2) <enter> (for each field) to go down through the screen. To put a name on the screen, enter: KA You can end the entry by either pressing the space bar or the enter key. The cursor will go to Tone, enter: 3 Your cursor will then be taken to the Place field, enter: 2 because the tone mark is over the second character. If you have done all this correctly enter: Y for "Yes this is correct" and you will be returned to the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN. If you have mistyped something, you can either enter: N and be taken to the top of the screen with blank data values where your data had been, or you could 46 <backspace> ( <- ) through the fields until you have erased the field you want to correct. Then you can go forward again; and finally enter "Y". So you will be back to the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN with the romanization and tone displayed now. Now we get to the point of entering the character itself, enter: I will bring up the INDEX SCREEN. --------------------------- Index stroke part x1 y1 x2 y2 Do another line? ---------------------------- KA is an easy character to start with, it has no curved lines. So now you will enter: 1 ( and <enter> ) or 1 ( and <space> ) or 01 again pick the style of entry that suits you. This "1" will put this set of data in the part of the file that records the first line's position. Now we come to a field called " stroke part" there are only two possible numbers to enter here "1" or "0". A "0" says that this line is the only part of a stroke, or last part of a stroke: so pause. The pause is of a length that the user determines at the time of the practice or test. KA is made up of four straight lines. So all of the lines are the last part of a stroke, so all of these lines are going to have "0" entered in "stroke part". 0 The cursor will go to the next field "x1". That is the left-right position of one end of the line. In this example it is: 16 47 because this is a two digit number you will be moved to the next number "y1". 10 again it is a two digit number so you will be moved to the next number "x2". 30 and the next, "y2": 10 You can backspace to make corrections. or to the question "Do you want to do another line?" You could answer Yes: Y This will put you back at the top of a bank screen. Now you can enter a "2" and enter the numbers for the second line, or "1" and do the line numbers for the first line over if you have done something grossly wrong. Or you could enter: N Saying that you want to go to the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN and see what you have done. Then you can come back and do some more parts to the character, or fix one or more lines that are not right. So there it is. Just keep going to the next line, one line = one Index Screen. Stay in the loop by saying "Y" to "Do you want to do another line?" This character only needs four lines. When the four lines are done, answer "N" and see what you have done. I recommend a screen print, again you must have set graphics on you printer and typed GRAPHICS before you started here: <Shift> <PrtScr> when that is done printing select Quit. 48 HANZI: Save the Character **************************************************** **************************************************** At this time nothing has gone into the file. You are building the data in main memory. When you are ready to save it you will select Quit and leave the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN: Q If you are at all unsure of whether the selected File is correct feel free to check it: C for change Defaults to make sure that KA will be saved to both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM files. It is the same in both styles. If file is not "Both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM" change it. Y to return to the MAIN MENU. Now you can be sure it will be saved as you want it to be. So begin the Save process: S Messages will come up telling you of the progress of this save. As the files grow the sort will take more and more time. Expect a half a minute or so. A display will appear that tells you; how many characters there were in the currently selected file. _______________________________ This character will be saved to: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX _______________________________ it may say "both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM", or "SHORT.FRM", or "LONG.FRM". In this example you should 49 have selected "3" on the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN so it should be saying "BOTH LONG.FRM AND SHORT.FRM". Next a line will appear that will tell you the old record count on the first ( or perhaps only) file to which this character will be added. _______________________________ This character will be added to: both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM LONG.FRM record count was: 283 ________________________________ If you selected Both when you selected File in the Change defaults screen then this character will be added to both files and your screen will look like this: ______________________________ This character will be added to: both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM LONG.FRM record count was: 283 SHORT.FRM record count was: 283 __________________________________ Then you will be returned to the MAIN MENU. You can look at it in its sorted place by listing the file, "L". Or you could Retrieve it "R", and then Modify it "M". Skip ahead in this tutorial if you want to see more about these options. There are always things that could go wrong. If there is already a character with that character number in the file a warning will appear and you can chose to either overwrite it or not. If you chose to overwrite this new one will replace the old. If your currently selected file is BOTH, this process will be repeated for the other character, if both files have a character by that number and if you choose to not overwrite either the screen will look like this: 50 _______________________________ This character will be added to: both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM LONG.FRM record count was: 283 This file has a character by this number. Okay overwrite (N/Y) Did not write: LONG.FRM SHORT.FRM record count was: 283 This file has a character by this number. Okay overwrite (N/Y) Did not write: SHORT.FRM __________________________________ If you are not sure what character you are overwriting you could do some investigating. 1) Modify the characters number. 2) Save it under a number that is not used. 3) look at the current character by this number, Retrieve it. Repeat the process for the other character file. You could save to one file and not the other. Another problem is that you may also find that you get the message: "OPENING NEW FILE" This means that you do not have the currently selected file on this currently selected disk / drive combination. Probably you do not want to do this, but maybe you do. 51 HANZI: Retrieve a character ***************************************************** ***************************************************** If you are unsure about what is in either file, first go to the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN and select the one file you want to look at now, ( the BOTH option will not work here, you can only retrieve from one file at a time ). Then select RETRIEVE A CHARACTER from the MAIN MENU: R the screen that comes next will ask: _____________________________________ Enter the number of the character _____________________________________ The system needs a four place number but you can enter either: 311 (and enter ) or 311 ( and space ) or 0311 all would have the same effect, either the character will be found or it won't be. If it is found it will be displayed on the RETRIEVE A CHARACTER SCREEN and at the bottom you will be asked: "Is this correct (Y/N)" if you answer "Y" you will be returned to the MAIN MENU, 52 from there you can chose to Modify the character or whatever else you want to. If you choose "N" you will be asked for another number. If the character number is not found you will see: "Character not found; give up (Y/N)?" If you answer "Y" you will be returned to the MAIN MENU. If you answer "N" the screen will start over again and you can enter a new number in. 53 HANZI: Modify character *************************************************** *************************************************** This screen displays the working memory part of the program. When you come into the program this area is blank. It is also cleared out when you go into the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN. In order to put new values here you can to either: 1) retrieve a character then come here to modify it or 2) you could modify one you were adding. You can Modify a character that is currently in memory by selecting MODIFY CHARACTER from the MAIN MENU: M the MODIFY CHARACTER SCREEN will appear. It looks and acts like the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN, just as you could redo part of a character when you were adding it; you can now change the character that you just retrieved. In fact, if you leave a character during an add you must come back to it through this screen. You can change the number, the Pinyin sound, or any line in the character now. You could change the whole character or any part of it. By changing the number, you could save it to a new place in the file. By Quiting this screen, then going to Change Defaults screen and changing the file name you could change where the character is saved. If it is only on one file now you could put it on both. You could retrieve a similar character and build the new parts for a different character without building all of the character. If you have saved frequently used radicals (parts of a characters) with numbers like 9001 and 9002 (that will not be used) then you could retrieve them and use them to build new characters that use that radical here in the MODIFY CHARACTER SCREEN. 54 HANZI: Practice set *************************************************** *************************************************** If you feel like doing some more here are 8. - PIAN Number 3301 Tone 1 Place 3 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 1 1 14 2 14 20 21 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 14 20 12 34 22 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 12 34 10 40 23 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 10 40 6 46 24 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 26 4 26 12 25 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 14 12 36 12 26 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 14 20 26 20 27 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 26 20 26 44 28 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 Notice that the first line in PIAN is rendered here as four lines. So for the first 3 lines the stroke part numbers are "1" under "st" saying that the computer is not to pause after drawing them. The first four lines are one stroke. It is also the same in both LONG.FORM and SHORT.FRM. So you can save this to both files. When you design your own character, be careful to get the strokes in their correct order, if you are going 55 to practice these characters you should see them drawn in the correct stroke order. / GONG Number 418 Tone 2 Place 2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 1 0 6 12 18 8 21 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 12 10 12 32 22 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 36 18 30 23 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 22 18 40 14 24 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 40 14 40 22 25 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 40 22 38 36 26 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 38 36 36 44 27 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 36 44 32 40 28 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 28 4 26 24 29 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 26 24 22 36 30 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 22 36 18 44 31 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 Gong is the same in both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM / BIAN Number 5695 Tone 4 Place 3 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 1 0 22 2 26 8 21 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 12 8 36 8 22 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 20 8 20 26 23 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 28 8 28 26 24 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 18 12 10 26 25 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 30 12 38 26 26 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 16 28 32 28 27 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 32 28 30 32 28 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 30 32 24 38 29 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 24 38 18 42 30 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 18 42 10 46 31 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 10 46 4 48 32 0 0 0 0 0 13 1 16 28 28 40 33 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 28 40 34 44 34 0 0 0 0 0 15 1 34 44 40 46 35 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 40 46 48 48 36 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 56 Bian has a modified version so save this in SHORT.FRM \ BIAN Number 5695 Tone 4 Place 3 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 1 1 14 2 6 10 21 0 44 14 44 18 2 0 6 10 12 10 22 0 40 16 40 26 3 1 14 8 6 16 23 0 38 18 34 26 4 0 6 16 14 16 24 0 42 18 46 26 5 0 14 14 14 18 25 1 14 30 34 30 6 0 10 16 10 26 26 1 34 30 30 38 7 0 8 18 4 26 27 1 30 38 28 40 8 0 12 18 16 26 28 1 28 40 20 44 9 0 20 2 28 2 29 1 20 44 14 46 10 0 18 6 30 6 30 0 14 46 6 48 11 0 20 10 28 10 31 1 14 30 20 36 12 0 20 14 28 14 32 1 20 36 26 40 13 0 20 18 20 26 33 1 26 40 38 46 14 1 20 18 28 18 34 0 38 46 48 48 15 0 28 18 28 26 35 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 20 26 28 26 36 0 0 0 0 0 17 1 44 2 36 10 37 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 36 10 42 10 38 0 0 0 0 0 19 1 44 8 36 16 39 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 36 16 44 16 40 0 0 0 0 0 This version of bian is to be saved to LONG.FRM. \ SHU Number 2143 Tone 4 Place 3 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 1 0 8 2 14 8 21 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 24 2 18 8 22 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 8 10 24 10 23 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 16 2 16 20 24 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 14 12 8 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 18 12 22 18 26 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 16 24 10 34 27 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 10 34 20 48 28 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 20 30 18 36 29 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 18 36 16 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 16 40 8 48 31 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 4 30 26 30 32 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 38 6 30 16 33 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 28 18 46 18 34 0 0 0 0 0 15 1 42 20 40 26 35 0 0 0 0 0 16 1 40 26 32 42 36 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 32 42 26 48 37 0 0 0 0 0 18 1 28 18 42 46 38 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 42 46 46 48 39 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 Save this for SHORT.FRM of shu. 57 \ SHU Number 2143 Tone 4 Place 3 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 1 0 6 4 6 12 21 0 32 42 26 48 2 1 6 4 18 4 22 1 28 18 42 46 3 0 18 4 18 12 23 0 42 46 46 48 4 0 6 8 18 8 24 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 6 12 18 12 25 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 4 18 4 26 26 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 4 18 20 18 27 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 20 18 20 26 28 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 4 26 20 26 29 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 12 2 12 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 12 34 8 40 31 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 8 40 18 48 32 0 0 0 0 0 13 1 18 38 16 42 33 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 16 42 12 46 34 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 12 46 8 48 35 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 4 38 22 38 36 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 38 6 30 16 37 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 28 18 46 18 38 0 0 0 0 0 19 1 42 20 40 26 39 0 0 0 0 0 20 1 40 26 32 42 40 0 0 0 0 0 Save this to LONG.FRM again it uses 2143. v NAO Number 4704 Tone 3 Place 2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 1 1 6 4 6 36 21 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 6 36 4 42 22 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 42 2 44 23 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 6 4 18 4 24 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 18 4 18 48 25 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 18 48 14 44 26 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 12 18 12 27 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 6 20 18 20 28 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 32 6 36 14 29 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 24 18 46 18 30 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 42 22 38 30 31 0 0 0 0 0 12 1 38 30 32 38 32 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 32 38 28 40 33 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 28 22 32 26 34 0 0 0 0 0 15 1 32 26 38 32 35 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 38 32 42 40 36 0 0 0 0 0 17 1 24 20 24 44 37 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 24 44 46 44 38 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 46 20 46 44 39 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 This is the SHORT.FRM of nao. 58 v NAO Number 4704 Tone 3 Place 2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 1 1 6 4 6 36 21 0 40 40 42 42 2 1 6 36 4 42 22 1 26 26 26 46 3 0 4 42 2 44 23 0 26 46 46 46 4 1 6 4 18 4 24 0 46 26 46 46 5 1 18 4 18 48 25 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 18 48 14 44 26 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 12 18 12 27 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 6 20 18 20 28 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 34 4 26 14 29 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 26 14 34 22 30 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 40 4 32 14 31 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 32 14 40 22 32 0 0 0 0 0 13 1 46 4 38 14 33 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 38 14 46 22 34 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 26 26 46 26 35 0 0 0 0 0 16 1 42 30 40 34 36 0 0 0 0 0 17 1 40 34 36 38 37 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 36 38 30 42 38 0 0 0 0 0 19 1 30 30 34 34 39 0 0 0 0 0 20 1 34 34 40 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 This is the LONG.FRM Now you should have a good start on making characters. If you want to change any that have been supplied with this package you can do so. These characters will be used in the practice for making lesson files with the program Gongke. Once you have completed these you can check that they are there by either retrieving them or listing them. For future reference it is a good idea to save these screen prints of your new characters. 59 Part 3: Gongke 60 GONGKE: Introduction ***************************************************** ***************************************************** Now we have come to the point where you can make or modify Gongke (lesson files). With this program you can create files that will allow the practice of new vocabulary or old vocabulary with new methods of romanization. In addition to Pinyin you could study Wade Giles or Yale or another dialect like Cantonese. For this practice in the use of the program you will continue to use the characters that you made with Hanzi, and we will use Pinyin romanization. If you follow along you will have a new lesson file that can be used to test you and others on an additional 11 English words: KA hold, keep back PIAN slice, piece BIAN to change, accident SHU number, to count BIANSHU parameter, variable NAO brain DIANNAO computer GONGKE school work, lessons KAPIAN cards, flash cards GONG merit, skill KE lesson, class Kapian will of course give the test in a different order each time. So the order of the lesson screens only effects the order they will be shown during the "Study" series not the test series. If you have a floppy drive system, these files will have to be on the current drive: GONGKE.EXE this program you are learning how to use. BIAN.SHU the parameter file. LONG.FRM or SHORT.FRM depending on in which form you would like to see on your lessons, during development. Those who are going to use the lessons can choose either file LONG.FRM or SHORT.FRM. By choosing a different file when they study, and self test they 61 choose a different type of character. Remember when you made the new character you gave the same character, in different forms, the same number in both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM. Because ASCII Graphic characters are not detailed enough, this .DOC file has no characters shown for lessons. Actually you could develope the lesson files without developing the characters first, all you need is a file by the name you selected; with or without the characters used by the lessons you are developing. The characters would be replaced in the display by "X" as they are here. If you have the characters in the selected file you can not only see them but also see when you have typed the number wrong. All the right character numbers would result in the right characters being displayed, and the wrong numbers showing either wrong characters if there is a character with that number or an "X" if there are no characters by that wrong number. Again if you have a hard drive the important files should be on the same directory. ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ P Program information │ │ │ │ C Change defaults │ │ │ │ A Add a screen │ │ │ │ S Save current screen │ │ │ │ R Retrieve a screen │ │ │ │ M Modify current screen │ │ │ │ Q Quit │ │ │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Before starting up GONGKE I would turn the graphics on by entering: GRAPHICS at the DOS prompt. This will allow you to print these screens if you have a printer that is capable of graphics. You may also want to print a few copies of LESSON.TXT. This form will be helpful as you plan your lessons. 62 To start GONGKE just type: GONGKE at the DOS prompt. After the title appears you press any key to get this menu. You may want to read the PROGRAM INFORMATION SCREEN shown by typing: P and again any key to get the MAIN MENU SCREEN. 63 GONGKE: Change Defaults ***************************************************** ***************************************************** By selecting Change defaults you will see the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN: C This screen will appear. It is similar to others that are used by other programs in this set. It allows you to make changes in the appearance of the program on the screen. ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ C Color WHITE LETTERS ON BLUE │ │ L Line NARROW │ │ S Sound ON │ │ T Timing NO DELAY │ │ F File of characters SHORT.FRM │ │ N New Lesson File FOREIA01.PIN │ │ current drive and directory │ │ Q Quit │ │ _______________________________________ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ************ Color ************ Here again you can change colors any time you get bored with the current color of your screen just as you could in other similar screens in the other programs, HANZI and KAPIAN. Type: C The different color combinations that are available will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. You must choose one: 64 ------------------------- Do you want: 1 WHITE ON RED 2 WHITE ON BLUE 3 GOLD ON RED 4 GOLD ON BLUE 5 GOLD ON BLACK ------------------------- Once you have made your choice, the bottom will go blank, and the choice will be seen, this time both in the new display and the new colors. If you have a black and white screen, it will show new shades of grey. ****************** Line width ****************** You can change the width of the lines the computer uses to draw them: L These choices will show up: -------------------------- 1 WIDE LINES 2 NARROW LINES -------------------------- The choice again is yours. Once you make it, you will be returned to the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN; and this time you will see the new look you have selected. ************ Sound ************* GONGKE will also warn you with sounds only if you have the sound turned on. These sounds can be helpful in determining your success in building your lesson file, but there are times when you don't want any noise. So you can make that change: S And you will be asked: 65 ---------------------------------- Do you want the sound: 1 ON 2 OFF --------------------------------- The error warning sounds can be turned OFF or ON here. If you select OFF, you will only have the error screens to warn you of your typing mistakes. But you can always come back here and turn the sound ON again when you feel it won't disturb anyone. ************** Timing ************** Changing the timing is another one of the controls that can be customized to fit into your development effort. You may want NO DELAY; but it can be enjoyable to see the computer do the drawing; you may like FAST SPEED: T The choices as usual are displayed in the bottom of the screen: ----------------------------------- How long should the computer take to draw a character? 1 SLOW SPEED 2 NORMAL SPEED 3 FAST SPEED 4 NO DELAY ---------------------------------- This, like the other defaults, can be switched back and forth whenever you like. ********** File ********** Here you can also pick the style of characters that will show up on your screens when you have developed them. This is why these files have to be available during development. Select: F F File will ask: 66 ----------------------------------- From which file are these characters going to be displayed? 1. SHORT.FRM 2. LONG.FRM ------------------------------------- You must chose which of these you want. Your selection will then be written to the parameter file BIAN.SHU. ************************** New Lesson File ************************** Here you get to sign your work. The name of the new lesson file should be the first five letters of it's creator. Unless you are using a lesson created to match some textbook. Then the first letters are those of the first five letters of the author of the textbook. You select: N for New lesson file. The new bottom part of the screen will look like this: --------------------------------------- 1..5 First 5 letters of file = first 5 letters of author's name FORI = Foreign Languages Press. 6 What textbook series A..Z 7..8 What lesson number 01..99 9 What romanization method; P=PIN, W=WAD, Y=YAL, C=CAT 12345678.9 _ ------------------------------------------ Before you start you may get out of this screen with a backspace. Here you are making your file so name it after yourself. Enter the first five letters of your name, if it is shorter than five letters use hyphens. I used MOSIE for Mosier: MOSIE 67 Next you may type a letter "C" for Computer vocabulary. You could make a vocabulary of M Map terms, R Restaurant terms, B Business terms, A Art terms; whatever you like. C Next you will enter the file number; it must be two digits: 01 This will show it is the first lesson file in this series. Then you will have to select the romanization method you want to study. Some files could be made up to cover the same vocabulary in a different romanization; Yale, Wade Giles, or Cantonese. So you need to respond to the question for position 9: What romanization method; P=PIN, W=WAD, Y=YAL, C=CAT P then the process of changing the parameter file will take place. Some lesson files are by me, Phil Mosier, one is called MOSIEF01.PIN MOSIE for the first five letters of my name F to indicate that they are for use with FOREIGN LANGUAGE PRESS books. 01 their numbers are 01 through 03 P would be selected to get file extension PIN and the romanization is Pinyin These files are the individual characters introduced by the same textbook series but not defined individually in the text book. These characters were only used in combinations in the book. I got their meanings from dictionaries. Remember any changes you make here will still be used by the next program in this series that you run. If you want to use this file in Kapian, fine. If you want to use a different one there in Kapian you will have to reset that one when you run Kapian because this new file will be the one that it looks for at start up time. 68 As before: Q QUITS this menu and returns you to the MAIN MENU. 69 GONGKE: Add a screen **************************************************** **************************************************** The first thing you must do to create a file of lesson screens is to plain them. This involves first selecting the words you want to learn and the selections that will be displayed along with them. The wrong answers. To help in this, here is a form that you can use. You can make photocopies of this one or print the file LESSON.FRM: COPY LESSON.FRM PRN Your favorite word processor will probably read this file in and allow you to make multiple copies. The lessons we will make are going to have these words in the top choice section, that is they are the target set. A correct answer will match one part of the top section to some other part of the top section. A wrong answer will match one part in the top section with some part of some other section, 2, 3, or 4. KA hold, keep back 491 PIAN slice, piece 3301 BIAN to change, accident 5635 SHU number, to count 2143 BIANSHU parameter, variable 5695 2143 NAO brain 4704 DIANNAO computer 6690 4704 GONGKE school work, lessons 418 5600 KAPIAN cards, flash cards 491 3301 GONG merit, skill 418 KE lesson, class 5600 70 ┌─────────┬─────────┬──────────┬─────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────┴─────────┴──────────┴─────────┘ File Name _______________________ Screen Number _____ Tones 1 = -, 2 = /, 3 = V, 4 = \, 5 = , 6 = .v., 7 = .. 1) English Tones ____ ____ ____ ___ ________________________________ Position Chinese Sound ____ ____ ____ ___ Character Number ________________________________ ____ ____ ____ ___ 2) English Tones ____ ____ ____ ___ ________________________________ Position Chinese Sound ____ ____ ____ ___ Character Number ________________________________ ____ ____ ____ ___ 3) English Tones ____ ____ ____ ___ ________________________________ Position Chinese Sound ____ ____ ____ ___ Character Number ________________________________ ____ ____ ____ ___ 4) English Tones ____ ____ ____ ___ ________________________________ Position Chinese Sound ____ ____ ____ ___ Character Number ________________________________ ____ ____ ____ ___ You can select the wrong answers from whatever characters and English meanings you want, I choose the wrong answers from the same set of characters that are in the current file. The maximum number of Chinese characters that Kapian can use is 190, the most screens that it can hold is 70, so no lesson file you design can have more screens than 70, and all together they can not have more characters than 190. I try to make all the wrong answers contain the same Chinese characters as the targets in the current file, but this is not necessarily required. The only requirement is that the whole lesson file have less than 190 characters. I also try to make the wrong answers have the same number of Chinese characters as has the correct answer. Now that you have planned the file contents select ADD A SCREEN from the MAIN MENU: A You will see this screen. Only it will have the file name you selected. ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) │ │ 0 0 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) │ │ 0 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ │ │ 3) │ │ 0 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ │ │ 4) │ │ 0 0 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ First you must select a Screen number for this screen: S will bring up a screen that will ask: "What is the number of this screen?" 72 Enter a two digit number: 1 ( and a space) or 1 ( and Enter ) or 01 then you will see: ----------------------------------- What is the number of this screen? 01 ----------------------------------- Any key will return you to ADD A SCREEN SCREEN. Here you will choose the DATA-ENTRY option. D ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Enter Choice Number │ │ │ │ English Meaning │ │ │ │ Chinese Sound │ │ ┌────────────────── │ │ Tone numbers │ │ │ │ │ │ Place for tones │ │ │ │ │ │ Character Numbers │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Are you done? # (Y/N) │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ This will bring up the DATA-ENTRY SCREEN. The first thing you will enter here is the Choice number. It is a 1 digit number that determines the place this new data, you are about to enter, will be in the lesson; enter: 1 73 You are first going to enter the target set of information, the entries about the correct set of data. The cursor will go to the "English Meaning" part of the data. The largest number of key strokes allowed in this part is 25; type: hold, keep back ( and Enter ) Next the cursor will go to the "Chinese Sound" part of the screen. The most key strokes here is 15; type: ka ( and Enter ) Next the cursor will go to the "Tone numbers" part of the screen, here you enter the one number for the tone of this sound: 3 Next you will need to get to the "Place for tones" entry area; press enter 3 times. Your cursor should now be right under the "3" you typed in and beside "Place for tones". If you passed it use the backspace key ( <- ). Now enter the place that this first tone should appear, it must be a two digit number, it is over the second letter, so enter: 2 ( and enter ) or 2 ( and space ) or 02 use your favorite style. Now you move the cursor to be under the "2". Press Enter three times. Your cursor should be under the 2 and beside "Character number". Now enter the "Character Numbers", a four digit number, in this case the one character is 491 so it can be entered: 491 ( and space ) or 491 ( and enter ) or 0491 again you must enter three more times. 74 The cursor will go down to the question; "Are you done? (Y/N)". You now have the chance to answer "Y" which means you will be returned to the ADD A SCREEN SCREEN and this one new set of data will appear in the first row. Or "N" which will give you a new blank DATA- ENTRY SCREEN to enter another part of the data. Or you could press (<-) backspace to correct some part of the display. Your screen should now look like this: ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Enter Choice Number │ │ 1 │ │ English Meaning │ │ hold, keep back │ │ Chinese Sound │ │ ka ┌────────────────── │ │ Tone numbers │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ Place for tones │ 2 │ │ │ │ │ Character Numbers │ 491 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Are you done? # (Y/N) │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Now you can see your handy work so you enter Y and see the current status of this lesson and then select D for DATA-ENTRY again. You will see a blank screen again so you can do another level or redo a level that has been done. Now continue working through the lesson form for the other three selections. When you are done the screen should look like this if you have not done the required characters: 75 ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) hold, keep back x │ │ v │ │ ka 491 0 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) merit, skill x │ │ - │ │ gong 418 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) lesson, class x │ │ \ │ │ ke 5600 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) slice, piece x │ │ \ │ │ pian 3301 0 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 1 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Because of space considerations, if the English meaning is longer than 15 places it will be displayed here on two lines. From here you can make a screen print, as you did when you made a character. Then you will save the lesson to your file. First Quit this area: Q Then select Save from the MAIN MENU. 76 GONGKE: Save current screen ****************************************************** ****************************************************** After selecting Save from the MAIN MENU you will see a notice on the screen about the screen that is being saved. First you will see: ---------------------------- Opening New File Writing to screen: 1 in lesson: MOSIEC01.PIN -------------------------- The next screen should be numbered 2, and so on. The succeeding Saves will not open a new file. If you have already saved a screen with this screen number a warning will also be displayed here, as in HANZI. You will have to answer Yes or No about whether you want to overwrite the old screen or not. 77 GONGKE: Retrieve a screen ***************************************************** ***************************************************** If you want to see what the screens are like in a GONGKE, or lesson file, you have created you can select and view them one at a time. Use the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN to pick the lesson file you want to view. Then select Retrieve from the MAIN MENU: R and you will be asked: ----------------------- Enter the number of the lesson screen ----------------------- The system needs a two place number, you can enter: 1 ( and enter) or 1 ( and space ) or 01 if there is a lesson screen by that number it will be displayed. If there is a problem you could either be given the message "file not found" and "lesson screen not found; give up (Y/N)?" or just "lesson screen not found; give up (Y/N)?" depending on the problem. If the screen you wanted is found and displayed the bottom of the screen will ask you: Is this correct (Y/N) ? If you want to continue looking through the file 78 just type in: N and you can select the next lesson screen to look at, perhaps 2. And continue through the file in this way. If you want to modify this screen, keep it in memory by selecting: Y you will be returned to the MAIN MENU. 79 GONGKE: Modify current screen ****************************************************** ****************************************************** If you want to modify an existing screen you must first bring that screen into memory. This means 1) selecting the correct Gongke file using CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN, 2) bringing the screen into memory by entering that number in the RETRIEVE A SCREEN SCREEN. Then you can select "Modify Current Screen" from the MAIN MENU: M the MODIFY CURRENT SCREEN SCREEN will appear and your choices are just as when on the ADD A SCREEN SCREEN, you can Quit, Change Screen-number, or Data-entry. Here you can fix any problems you see with the screens. You can overwrite any problems you find with the screen. Then you will save the new version and overwrite the old version in the file. 80 GONGKE: Practice ****************************************************** ****************************************************** Here are the other screens in the practice set. They allow you to use the new characters and an old one, DIAN electricity. The top level should be done with great care. The correct English meaning should be typed in, the Chinese sound should be spelled correct with the tone over the correct letter, and those should match the Chinese character. You could use other wrong choices if you want, they are in the bottom three levels. The levels 2, 3, and 4 will be used to provide the wrong parts of the test. They are the wrong English meanings, wrong Chinese characters, and wrong Chinese sounds. For these files I have used other level 1's from other screens for the levels 2, 3, and 4 on this screen. Also the wrong answers have the same number of characters as the target in level 1. Here in KAPIAN.DOC I have not attempted to make the Chinese character with ANSII graphics. When you get your manual these characters will be shown in that manual. ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) slice, piece x │ │ \ │ │ pian 3301 0 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) hold, keep back x │ │ v │ │ ka 491 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) merit, skill x │ │ - │ │ gong 418 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) lesson, class x │ │ \ │ │ ke 5600 0 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 2 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 81 ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) change, accident x │ │ \ │ │ bian 5695 0 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) slice, piece x │ │ \ │ │ pian 3301 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) hold, keep back x │ │ v │ │ ka 491 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) number, to count x │ │ \ │ │ shu 2143 0 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 3 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Don't be worried that "to change, accident" appears on two lines. It will be displayed on one line in the test. ADD A SCREEN displays 15 places of the English meaning on one line and any more, up to the maximum of 25, on the next line. ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) number, to count x │ │ \ │ │ shu 2143 0 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) slice, piece x │ │ \ │ │ pian 3301 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) to change, accident x │ │ \ │ │ bian 5695 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) brain x │ │ v │ │ nao 4704 0 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 4 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 82 ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) parmaeter, variable x x │ │ \ \ │ │ bianshu 5695 2143 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) cards, flash card x x │ │ v \ │ │ kapian 491 3301 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) school work, lesson x x │ │ - \ │ │ gongke 418 5600 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) computer x x │ │ \ v │ │ diannao 6690 4704 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 5 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) brain x │ │ v │ │ nao 4704 0 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) number, to count x │ │ \ │ │ shu 2143 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) to change, accident x │ │ \ │ │ bian 5695 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) slice, piece x │ │ \ │ │ pian 3301 0 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 6 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 83 ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) computer x x │ │ \ v │ │ diannao 6690 4704 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) school work, lessons x x │ │ v \ │ │ gongke 418 5600 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) cards, flash cards x x │ │ v \ │ │ kapian 491 3301 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) parameter, variable x x │ │ \ \ │ │ bianshu 5695 2143 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 7 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) school work, lessons x │ │ - \ │ │ gongke 418 5600 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) parameter, variable x │ │ \ \ │ │ bianshu 5695 2143 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) computer x │ │ \ v │ │ diannao 6690 4704 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) cards, flash cards x │ │ v \ │ │ kapian 491 3301 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 8 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 84 ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) cards, flash cards x x │ │ v \ │ │ kapian 491 3301 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) school work, lessons x x │ │ - \ │ │ gongke 418 5600 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) computer x x │ │ \ v │ │ diannao 6690 4704 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) parameter, variable x x │ │ \ \ │ │ bianshu 5695 2143 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 9 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) merit, skill x │ │ - │ │ gong 418 0 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) number, to count x │ │ \ │ │ shu 2143 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) brain x │ │ v │ │ nao 4704 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) lesson, class x │ │ \ │ │ ke 5600 0 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 10 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 85 ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1) lesson, class x │ │ \ │ │ ke 5600 0 0 0 │ │ ____________________________________ │ │ 2) slice, piece x │ │ \ │ │ pian 3301 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 3) hold, keep back x │ │ v │ │ ka 491 0 0 0 │ │ │ │ 4) to change, accident x │ │ \ │ │ bian 5695 0 0 0 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 11 │ │ _____________________________________ │ │ │ │ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │ └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Just for consistency you can use Short Form characters. Or use long form, if you like. The type of characters you use during the creation of the screen does not effect what the user can choose. The only part of the character that stays in this file is the number, and that is the same whether you use LONG.FRM or SHORT.FRM during the test. 86 Glossary **************************************************** **************************************************** ARCHIVE: A type of file in which other files have been stored, usually in a compressed format. The file names are invisible to the system. It is more efficient to store and transport (i.e. over a data transmission line) an archive file. The process of putting files into an archived file. The shareware diskette is archived with the utility PKZIP. BIAN.SHU: Bianshu means a "variable", and BIAN.SHU holds all the values that allow the programs to come back to you looking just as you left them the last time they were run. CANTONESE: The dialect of Chinese spoken in Canton Province near Hong Kong. The same Chinese characters are used by the Chinese to write Cantonese and Mandarin. So if you want to study Cantonese, you only need to make up new Lesson Files to reflect the new sounds of that dialect. CGA: Color / Graphics Adapter. This is a computer board that must be installed in your computer before KAPIAN, GONGKE or HANZI will run. It could be attached to either a color or Black / White monitor. Some graphics cards, like Hercules, can be reprogrammed to emulate an I.B.M. CGA. COLORS: In this program, the choice of colors, is one offered in the CHANGE DEFAULTS menu, and if you have a true CGA and color monitor, the choices listed are the colors that will be displayed on the screen. With a black and white monitor you will see different shades of gray. If your graphics card is not a true CGA, it may show unpredictable colors. COMBINATIONS: Groups of Chinese characters that have taken on a meaning beyond that of any one of the characters. This program will display and allow you to review combinations that contain up to 4 Chinese characters. 87 DEFAULT: The previous or most recent setting made. Here the default settings are recorded in the file BIAN.SHU, and the programs all look there as part of the start-up routine. So the colors, sound ON/OFF, lesson file, character form, etc., will all be the same as they were the last time you ran any of these programs. EXTRACT: To remove an archived file ( see Archive) FORM OF CHARACTER: One change that the People's Republic of China made after the revolution was the change to a new form of some Chinese characters: simplified form. About a third of the common Chinese characters were changed. Kapian allows you to chose which of these two forms you want to study. GONGKE: Means "lessons". It is also the name of a computer program that makes additional lesson files for use by KAPIAN. GRAPHICS CARD: A computer card that can be installed in your computer. It allows certain types of graphics modes to be displayed on your screen. Some graphics cards like Hercules can be reprogrammed to emulate a CGA (see CGA) (see I.B.M.). HANZI: Means "Chinese character"; it is also the name of a computer program that creates new Chinese characters that are added to one or both of the Chinese character files, LONG.FRM and/or SHORT.FRM. HOT KEY: A mode of response to the key board that allows some computer programs to use a key that is pressed immediately with out waiting for the transmit key being pressed as well. HERCULES: A brand of computer graphics card. I.B.M. International Business Machines, Inc. KAPIAN: Kapian means "cards" or "flash cards"; the program by that name emulates flash cards and like them allows you to practice the vocabulary you are learning. MANDARIN: A dialect of spoken Chinese typical of Beijing and Taiwan. These sounds are represented in the roman alphabet by different methods: Pinyin , Yale, Wade Giles, to name a few. LESSONS: Here "lessons" refer to individual files of vocabulary that usually have about 50 English meanings to study. They probably represent more than one chapter in the average Chinese text book. 88 LONG FORM: The old traditional form of Chinese Characters that are still used by Taiwan and Hong Kong. These characters are in the LONG.FRM file (see: FORM OF CHARACTER). PINYIN: One of many methods of romanizing the Mandarin dialect of Chinese. The method used in the Peoples Republic of China. ROMANIZATION: The process of putting into roman alphabet the sound of Chinese or other languages that are not usually written using roman letters. SHAREWARE: A computer program that is copyrighted; and all rights are owned by the author, who has chosen to allow distribution with a few restrictions on an introductory basis. Users are expected to register, and in return they get some extra consideration and materials. SHORT FORM: The new form of Chinese characters that are in use in the People's Republic of China. These characters are in the file SHORT.FRM (see: FORM OF CHARACTER). TIMING: In this manual timing refers to the speed with which the Chinese characters are displayed: from NO DELAY to SLOW = 1 second between strokes. This is intended to offer students a method of studying the correct stroke order and is adjustable by selecting the CHANGE DISPLAY DEFAULTS on the MAIN MENU and then the TIMING on the next screen. YALE: Here refers to a method of romanizing the Mandarin dialect of Chinese. WADE GILES: Is a method of romanizing the Mandarin dialect of Chinese. 89 Order Form: The registration of KAPAIN for $35 licenses you to use the product on a regular basis and includes: KAPIAN the latest version (GONGKE, and HANZI). Manual that covers all three programs including forms to help you plan your extended studies. Yearly News Letter that reports updates and new or extended data files as they become available. Member: Association of Shareware Professionals For support call (916) 927-2602 most evenings or write: = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Phil Mosier 2728 Bridgeford Drive Sacramento, CA 95833 ____ KAPIAN ........@ $ 35.00 each $_____ (includes manual, annual news letter, lastest version) Postage and Handling for orders within the U.S. $4.00; Outside the U.S. $11.00 $_____ (California residents add 7.25% tax) $_____ Total $_____ Send check or money order (no COD please) Name :_________________________________________ Institution :_________________________________________ Address :_________________________________________ State :_____________________ Zip :_________ Country :_________________________________________ 90